The Wall has crumbled!

Good Bye, Lenin! (German;2003)
Written and Directed by: Wolfgang Becker

The day the Berlin Wall came crashing down was indeed an earth-shattering moment for those who lived through the era when Berlin was divided into two: between the communist East Berlin and the capitalist West. The Communists guarded the border with their lives, and they convinced their citizens that they were indeed better than their greedy capitalist cousins across the border. The Communist Party, with its secret police, the Stasi, dealt severely with those who were not convinced by the propaganda and wanted to get out to the free world.

The film recounts a pivotal moment in 1989, when the Berlin Wall was on the verge of collapse. Many youngsters throng the streets to express their displeasure at the political situation in their country. Amongst the crowd is Alexander Kreiner, a young adult, holding placards and chanting anti-government chants. The irony of it all is that Alexander's mother is a high-ranking member of the communist party. Alexander is arrested, and upon seeing this, his mother, who happened to be passing by that way, suffers a heart attack and collapses.

Alexander's mother, Christine, stays unconscious in the hospital for nearly eight months. During those eight faithful months, many things happened. The Wall collapses, Germany unifies, the border opens, the leader is ousted, and capitalism moves into East Germany. Miraculously, Christine regains consciousness one fine day. Warned by the doctor not to give her too much excitement in her life, and that is precisely what has happened in the country, Alexander decides to recreate a false environment, right down to the minutest detail, to show his mother the exact environment the city was before her collapse. He tries to portray an image of communism still being very vibrant in Berlin. Hilariously, he tries to get his mother's favourite East German brand, which is obviously out of production. 

Later, we discover that the mother also harbours a secret about her husband, who allegedly abandoned Alexander, his mother, and his sister to start a new life in West Germany.

The movie ends with the mother succumbing to another attack. Alexander thinks he managed to shield the changes in the country from his mother, but the fact of the matter is that his girlfriend may have laid everything bare to her. Is ignorant bliss or information King?

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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Rom-com of yesteryear

The Shop Around the Corner (1940)
Director: Ernst Lubitsch

https://www.rosendaletheatre.org/movies/
the-shop-around-the-corner-1940/

It is interesting to observe how the concept of a romantic comedy (romcom) has evolved over the years. The idea of a rom-com in the 21st century is one where the protagonist is between relationships and finds perfect love most romantically. It could be a comedy of errors, a mix-up, or occasionally it could start with both parties not looking eye-to-eye on something, but later get closer and then decide to be a couple. Along the way, that would be casual sex, nudity, crisis and resolution. That is the sure formula for a box office blockbuster. 

Refreshingly, a light romantic drama from yesteryear does not reveal too much of their intimacy. In this 1940 film, there is hardly any physical contact. Still, the spark was obviously electric between the protagonist, a young James Stewart, who is well known for his feel-good Christmas films, and the lesser-known co-star, Margaret Sullavan. 

The festive atmosphere remains in the film. The setting is a gift shop in Budapest during the lead-up to Christmas. The owner and his staff share a warm and friendly rapport as they run the shop. A new staff member, Sullavan, joins the team. She does not get along with Stewart, the clerk. Unbeknownst to them, they are pen pals who enjoy each other's company through their correspondence. Meanwhile, the shop owner learns through his private investigator that his wife is unfaithful.

Everything concludes happily in this feel-good film. It is quite a cheerful movie that finishes on a positive note. Despite being vintage, the film remains fresh and relevant as ever.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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Carpe diem!

Four Years Later (2024, Mini series S1, Ep1-8)
Australian-Indian Romance Drama

imdb.com/title/tt31632538/

We are given one life and are expected to make the best out of it. Sometimes, one gets one chance; sometimes, one gets a 'get-out-of-jail' free card. We can seize the opportunity to mould ourselves into better versions or just brood about it. We can blame everyone else for the lost opportunity or give it another go. At the same time, we need to take advice from people who have traversed a similar path. We do not want to leave a trail of enemies behind us. Neither do we want to leave behind a stream of people who believed in us with shattered dreams. Nevertheless, their advice may be archaic, and on top of that, it is our dream too.

This is the story of the son of every middle-class Indian family, yours truly included. The parents would work hard, instil discipline and build an impossible dream via education. They would drum into the kids all their life problems once the coveted degree is attained. The children will soon realise that they have been sold a fake narrative. Nothing changes.

A communist would blame all the problems we encounter in our lives on someone else. He would blame it on societal pressures, patriarchy, and capitalism. He would adopt a victim mentality and vehemently refuse to accept any blame for these issues. In reality, our lives are in our hands. We write our destiny. We reap what we sow.

This is an enjoyable miniseries, written, produced, and directed by second-generation immigrants of the Indian diaspora, that tells the story of an Indian doctor from Jaipur who hopes to pass his anaesthetic examinations in Australia. What makes this production interesting is the storytelling, the nuanced characters, and the depth with which the characters and their emotions are explored.  

In the typical Indian fashion, the doctor is match-made and is married off. Soon after the wedding, his application to join his job in Australia comes through. The patriarchal leader of the family decrees that he should leave for Australia alone, as bringing his newlywed wife would be a distraction. This sets the stage for the problem that would drive the miniseries to eight episodes. Our hero starts a fling with a fellow immigrant who works on the hospital cleaning team. The series begins with the newlywed wife making a sudden trip to Australia, unsanctioned by her in-laws.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Crash course on Avatars!

Mahavatar Narsimha (Hindi, 2025)
Director: Ashwin Kumar

https://www.imdb.com/title/tt34365591/

Growing up in the 1970s, the only way to learn about stories from Hindu mythology was through stories told by elders or in satsangs (religious gatherings). Later, we were introduced to Amar Chitra Katha comics, which were quite a hit among us, the children. We essentially heard most of our Hindu fables from these colourful books. Anything that came close to a TV production was an anime movie that came out, as an Indo-Japanese joint production, as 'Ramayana: The Legend of Prince Rama' in 1993.

Currently, a plan is underway to develop a Mahavtar Cinematic Universe, comprising seven films based on Hindu mythology, over a span of twelve years (2025 to 2037). Given the quality of this project, I am confident that in the years to come, we will be immersed in a cinematic wonderland.

 

The filmmakers decided to start by depicting Vishnu's most fierce avatars. The half-lion, half-human Vishnu is His most combative form. 

Directly or indirectly, we are aware that Vishnu, as the protector of the world, assumes various forms to restore order when chaos (adharma) prevails. All in all, He had taken nine forms thus far (in this yuga), with one more to go at the end of times, Kalki Avatar. He is duty-bound to fight evil and must do so cyclically, as time progresses in cycles, with fission-explosion-entropy succession. 

There is also a subtle reference to the Avatars in evolution. The first Avatar is Matsya, in the form of a fish, who protects the people on Earth and their knowledge from a mammoth flood reminiscent of Noah's Ark and the preservation of species. Now, one may wonder why this motif of the great flood appears in many cultures. In the Zoroastrian tradition, Gilgamesh is also credited with saving humankind from floods. 

As life evolved from being sea-dwelling creatures and became land dwellers, so did Vishnu's avatar. It is said that Vishnu assumed the role of Kurma, a tortoise form, to help in the churning of the Universe to extract the elixir of immortality and other benefactors in a deathly duel between the Asuras and Devas. This event is immortalised sculpturally in the Swarna Bhoomi Airport in Bangkok. 

The third and fourth Avatars, Varaha and Narasimha, are featured in this animated offering. 

Back to avatars and evolution, Varaha is depicted as a wild boar, said to be one of the most sturdy herbivores adapted to land-based living. Despite being a herbivore, it can be a ferocious beast with rudimentary tasks and muscular limbs. In this juncture, life has firmly grounded itself on land. 

In the movie, a pair of twins, Hiranyaksha and Hiranyashipu, were born. They were Asuras because their mother was from the Asura lineage. Asuras do not automatically infer that they are bad, but rather the general narrative in the Vedic scriptures, over the ages, has transformed to mean so. Because they conceived at an inauspicious time, because their mother, Diti, felt horny, and despite her husband Kasyap's warning, they succumbed to lust. Thus, two of the nastiest Asura of the celestial levels were born. 

On a side note, Hiranyaksha and Hiranyakashipu, the twins, were the reincarnations of Jaya and Vijaya, once the gatekeepers of Vishnu's abode, Vaikundam. Jaya and Vijaya were cursed by Brahma's sons for not allowing them to enter Vaikundam. Vishnu could not cancel the curse, but gave them two options. The first option is to be reborn seven times as a Vishnu bhakta (follower) or, alternatively, as an anti-Vishnu for three births. They chose the latter. Hence, Hiranyaksha and Hiranyakashipu were their first births. The next two are from Rama's era (as Ravana and Kumbakarna) and Krishna's era (as Shishupala and Dantavakra).

Hiranyaksha decided to submerge Earth into the cosmic ocean. Vishnu, as Varaha, fought Hiranyaksha and scooped up Earth, as Bhumidevi, the female personification of Mother Earth, with it. Now, here is the interesting observation that some Hindu scholars agree on. Some of the ancient sculptures of Varaha, erected for worship, depict the Earth as a spherical object. This means that the Indians were aware of Earth's appearance. It is not surprising, as the likes of Aryabhatta had already made gigantic steps in the field of astronomy by the 5th century CE.

After Hiranyaksha's demise, his twin Hiranyakashipu went into intense penance, worshipping Brahma for his boon. Now, Hindu supreme powers are usually quite generous with their wishes. The important lesson in any story where wishes are granted is that the requester must be extremely careful and precise in their requests. So when Brahma did eventually manifest and was willing to grant his wishes, Hiranyakashipu made his request-not to die at the hands of any of Brahma's creation, not to die inside a residence or outside, neither during day nor night, not to be killed by any weapon, human, animal, demigod or serpent. He should not be killed by anyone born of a woman, whilst having supreme power over all living beings. He is bestowed the boon.

The Universe had something up its sleeve. Hiranyakashipu's pregnant wife was kidnapped by the lustful God of the Skies, Indra. He was intercepted by the celestial sage, Narada, who took the pregnant mother under his care. The unborn child grew up exposed to songs praising Vishnu, to the extent that the child, Prahlada, became a devoted devotee of Vishnu.

Trouble brewed when the father, Hiranyakashipu, tried to market himself as a true god to his subjects. The recalcitrant Prahlada continued singing praises to Lord Vishnu, much to his father's chagrin. The son was punished again and again, only to be miraculously saved. At the point of reckoning, when told to show the might of Vishnu, the Lord appeared from the walls of a pillar, in a corridor, at twilight, to be mauled by a half-animal, half-man Narasimha, with His bare claws, without any weapons, keeping within the terms of his boon. 

The computer graphics are excellent. Similarly, the choices of colour, background score, storytelling, and continuity are also captivating. After the near demise of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) in Hollywood, the Mahavatar Cinematic Universe is here to take over where it left off. 

The story of evolution continues with human avatars of variable intellectual capacity, such as Vamana, Parashurama, Rama, Balarama, Krishna or Buddha. Kalki will appear at the end of times.

P.S. In future, when you find yourself stuck with a genie in a situation where you are granted three wishes, be wise. Ask for a wish where you never run out of wishes!

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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The hidden hand

Burn! (Queimada; 1969)

Director: Gillo Pontocorvo

https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0064866/

The legendary Tamil actor Sivaji Ganesan mentioned in a local interview that Marlon Brando was the Hollywood actor he admired most professionally. He had previously had a one-to-one meeting with Marlon Brando in 1962 when the Screen Actors' Guild and the American Embassy invited him for a two-month tour as a cultural ambassador. He was introduced to Brando during the shooting of 'The Ugly American' as 'one of the greatest actors from India'. There are unverified reports quoting Brando as saying that 'Sivaji can act like me, but I cannot act like him' (as quoted from the then CM of Tamil Nadu, Annadurai). It was during this tour that Sivaji was presented with the key to the City of Niagara and was unceremoniously elected as the Mayor for a day. 

Marlon Brando began his promising career positively, earning praise with films like 'A Streetcar Named Desire' (1951) and 'On the Waterfront' (1954). His films did not perform particularly well in the early 1960s. 'Burn!', however, remains Brando's favourite. It is also the favourite of many historians who praise it as an accurate depiction of the colonists' modus operandi in the regions, claiming that they bring civilisation and modernisation; in reality, it is all about business. 

Sivaji Ganesan & Marlon Brando (1962)

This story reflects real events across many nations. Historians say that the story of 'Burn!' bears resemblance to what happened to some of the smaller islands in the Caribbean. Fun fact - there was a time in our history when Caribbean countries like Jamaica and Haiti were the jewels of the New World that Columbus discovered. Haiti (then known as Saint-Monique) was the most profitable colony in the Americas, with sugar and coffee as its leading exports. They were more vibrant than the United States.

With fertile land, sunny weather, and a compliant population that could be manipulated to the whims of the colonial masters, every maritime nation raced to become their owners.

The fictional nation in this film may represent Quadelope, a location in the Lesser Antilles of the Caribbean. It has a turbulent history, being tossed back and forth like a ball between Spanish, French, English, and even Swedish and Danish influences. Slave trading was a primary industry here. When slavery was abolished, bonded labourers were brought in from other colonies, such as South India. During the period depicted in this story, Quadelope was under Spanish rule. However, because the filmmakers did not want to offend the authoritarian Francisco Franco at the time of making the movie, they chose to portray the colonists as Portuguese instead. Today, Quadelope is a French Protectorate, part of the EU, and uses Euros as its currency.

The film vividly depicts how Western powers have long operated under the pretence of bringing development, modernity, and civilisation to the indigenous populations.
 

The island state of Queimada was colonised by the Portuguese, who enslaved the local population to work on the sugar cane plantations. In 1884, the British Crown sent Sir William Walker to survey the island. He encouraged the locals to rebel against the Portuguese. He succeeds in establishing a puppet government that is subordinate to a British company, which then takes control of the sugarcane plantations. 

Ten years later, Walker is deployed here to suppress rebel resistance. Walker, in modern terms, can be described as a provocateur, privateer, or pirate if he sailed the high seas. His mission is to deceive the local populace into supporting the covert operations of the greater powers. We saw that even during the Gulf War.

Walker now sees the same people who assist the British (i.e., the Plantation) as public enemy number one, since they are the ones helping the British defeat the Portuguese. Walker makes an emotional decision to try to help his old friend, who aided him in overthrowing the Portuguese, while still remaining loyal to his paymasters.

 

A similar instance of greed-driven interference in land acquisition occurred when colonial powers proposed building a canal at the Isthmus of Panama to reduce travel time between the East and West coasts of America.

 

A well-made movie that has stood the test of time. It has aged well, as what it depicts remains true to current reality. Nothing has really changed—perhaps the backdrop. They now wear branded suits and expensive watches. 7.5/10.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

On Nattukottai Chettiars...

Fortune Seekers: A Business History of the Nattukottai Chettiars
Author: Raman Mahadevan(2025)

The Chettys are believed to have been present in the Malay Peninsula as early as the 16th century in the history of the Malacca Empire, according to Portuguese writings, when they arrived on Malacca's shores. The community, known as Chetty or Chitty in Malacca, had its own distinctive way of life, integrating with the local population, establishing places of worship, and holding significant positions in the Sultanate. They are said to originate from the Coromandel (Eastern) Coast of India. Interestingly, their settlement is called 'Gajah Berang' — 'Angry Elephant' in Malay. This might also be a corruption of Kanchipuram's old name, Karca Pidam. Therefore, the Chittys could have originated from Kanchipuram rather than Nattukottai.

In many P Ramlee films, the character of a Chetty frequently appears as the stereotypical moneylender.

It has been said that much of the State lands belonging to the Sultans changed hands to the Chettys in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. One particular monarch, who was addicted to booze and gambling and a bad gambler too, lost much of his property by signing it away to obtain loans from Chettys to feed his gambling addiction. Usually, the loans were not repaid, leading to the lands being seized and taken over by the Chettys. Concerned local chiefs approached the British administrators, who proposed the Malay Reserve Land Code to preserve State lands for the Malays, that is, within the control of the Sultans, the protectors of Malay sovereignty.

Many groups within the Indian population are naturally entrepreneurial. These include the Mawaris, Khataris, Multani, Parsi, Baniar, Sindhi, Chetti, and many others. They possess sharp business skills and have an exceptional ability to foresee and grasp future economic trends.

https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2021/11/13/
ethnic-chetty-residents-want-more-effort-to-preserve-village

In my hometown, Penang, the Nattukottai Chettiars are renowned for organising the now world-famous annual three-day Thaipusam celebrations with chariot processions and hundreds of kavadi-bearing devotees. To support these events, they have built a large temple complex along Waterfall Road and a silver chariot to oversee the entire celebration. Historically, the Chettiars owned extensive land in Malaysia for much of the first half of the 20th century. However, following the unrest associated with communists (between 1948 and 1960) and the race riots in 1969 in the newly independent Malaya, the Chettiars chose to liquidate their assets and return lock, stock and barrel back to India.

The history of the Nattukottai Chettiars dates back to 2893 BC. By the late 19th century, they had established themselves around the princely State of Puthukottai in South India. They were also known as Nagarathars. The area they inhabited was not suitable for farming, so they evolved into a mercantile community and small local traders. The rule of the British Raj in India made doing business more difficult, leading the Chettiars to explore overseas opportunities for expanding their money-lending enterprise. 

The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 radically changed global commerce. The plantation economy began to develop in colonies such as Ceylon, Burma, Indochina, and Malaya. The demand for credit surged, and the Chettiars stepped in to meet the need by lending to local planters in these regions. 

70% of all loans in Burma in 1930 were from Chettiars.
https://www.yangontimemachine.com/en/index?id=24&art=chettiar_temple

In Burma and Indochina, rice plantations expanded to meet global demand. Crops such as coffee, tea, and coconut were cultivated on a large scale in Ceylon. Rubber estates flourished in Malaya. Tin mining commenced in Malaya in the early 20th century. Chettiars prospered by doing what they did best—being moneylenders. Their primary activity was an intra-community banking system based on trust and risk-taking. Within the community, they established a support network to ensure that each member received assistance and that disputes between members were resolved internally, without resorting to legal action. Their intra-community bond was powerful. Sadly, the Nagarathars were not particularly friendly with the locals. It was all business. This proved to be an albatross around their neck when the Saya San rebellion broke out in Burma. 

The business was a roaring success for them until 1928, when the world faced the Great Depression. Some had cut their losses and returned home, while others bought large parcels of land when borrowers were unable to repay their loans. The Chettiars became major landowners.

Their businesses faced further difficulties when World War II broke out. The depreciation of local currencies and the switch to Japanese Banana money in Burma and Malaya resulted in overwhelming losses. In Burma, resistance manifested as regional nationalism, such as the Saya San Rebellion, and many of their properties were nationalised. Thousands of Chettiars had to flee on foot as refugees back to India.

Some Chettiars repatriated their capital to India. Many shifted to managing cotton mills, modern industries, education, and banking. A small number of them never recovered from their losses. Over-commitment to money lending and an unwillingness to diversify led to the collapse of their traditional business model.

By 1938, ~25% of Burma's rice-growing areas were in Chettiar hands.
https://www.yangontimemachine.com/en/index?id=24&art=chettiar_temple

Their apparent presence in the modern world, from 1870 onwards, throughout post-independent India, has left an indelible mark. A few figures have secured their place in Indian history.

There was Sir Annamalai Chettiar, an industrialist, banker, philanthropist, and educationist. He is immortalised in the university bearing his name. Another legendary Nattukottai Chettiar is Dr Alagappa Chettiar, one of the first in the community to study English and decide to read Law at the University of London. During his stint in the UK, he worked part-time in the banking sector and acquired a flying licence. Despite completing his course, he was refused permission to practise Law in the UK because he had contracted leprosy, which had slightly disfigured his face. He returned home to found Alagappa University and fund hospitals. Later, he founded Jupiter Airways, which played a crucial role in bringing refugees to India during the Partition. He was the youngest Indian to be knighted in 1946, but he voluntarily renounced the title after India's independence. Alagappa Chettiar's business portfolio included the acquisition of Ayer Manis Rubber Estate in Muar, Johor, in Malaya during the 1920s.

Then there was MCT Chidambaram Chettiar, the founder of Indian Overseas Bank. One of the survivors of the Burma ordeal is the group of AMM Murugappa Chettiar. He relocated to India and ventured into manufacturing cycles, steel tubes, ceramics, sugar, fertilisers, financial services, and more. The Murugappa Group has become a powerhouse of the Indian industry.

Karumuthu Thiagaraja Chettiar was another textile magnate, philanthropist, and supporter of the arts and Tamil language. He was a freedom fighter and a member of the Indian National Congress. This should not be confused with Sir Pitty Theagaraya Chettiar, another notable industrialist and a founding member of the Justice Party. The affluent neighbourhood of T. Nagar in Chennai is named after him. Pitty did not belong to the Nattukottai Chettiar community but to the Telugu-speaking Devanga Chetty community.

AV Meiyappa Chettiar is known for his AVM Studio, AVM Production House and his role as a doyen in Tamil cinema during its golden age.

In Malaysia, the average person might not fully appreciate the business savvy and close-knit qualities of the Nattukottai Chettiars. They might only learn about their black umbrellas, the ash spread on their foreheads, and their money-lending trades after watching several P Ramlee movies. One thing they would not overlook is the Chettinad eateries and their delicious cuisine, which can be found all over town.

(N.B. Over the last decade, a conspiracy has emerged regarding the Nattukottai Chettiar-managed silver chariot used during Penang's Thaipusam procession. It was alleged that the monies offered by the public do not go towards the uplift of Hindus or the maintenance of Hindu temples in Penang. The Chettiars were accused of siphoning off the collection to Chettinadu in Tamil Nadu. The Penang Hindu Endowment Board, in retaliation, introduced a golden chariot in direct competition with its silver counterpart.)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.