Inventing the AIDS Virus (1996)
Authors: Peter H Duesberg and Bryan J Ellison
With all the controversies surrounding Coronavirus, whether it is a man-made virus or a naturally occurring one, the debate is just proving to be so convoluted. On one side, the Americans are accusing the Chinese of sending a bio-weapon out to the world to screw up everybody's economy. On the other end, the Chinese are alleging the USA sent the genetically altered virus to China, but the virus has come back to bite them. The situation becomes murky as the rest of the world are taking the Chinese government to court as they concur that Chinese underplayed the seriousness of the disease when it hit them.
Throwing a spanner in the work of discovering the origin of the virus is the suggestion that the novel Coronavirus, COVID-19, could be a retrovirus, just the most famous retrovirus of all - HIV. For recollection, a retrovirus is a type of RNA virus that inserts a copy of its genome into the DNA of a host cell that it invades, thus changing the genome of that cell.
This fact brought about the discussion about HIV-AIDS and how this disease is denied by a significant group of activists. They vehemently deny the virus named HIV as the causative agent of a collection of manifestations, or syndrome called AIDS.
The story of microbes causing ailments came about in the 1890s after Robert Koch, the German physician and bacteriologist, laid down his postulates as the groundwork to prove a particular agent in the genesis of disease. The microbes must be identified in the sick, it must be isolated and grown outside the body and induce sickness when introduced to a healthy subject.
The world was excited that they could give an explanation to many of the maladies around them. Unfortunately, in the earlier part of the 19th century, scientists without much scientific basis, lumped many sicknesses to have a microbial origin. It was thought that pellagra, scurvy and beriberi was caused by germs. This was before vitamins were identified.
The scientific community was all relieved when Jonas Salk discovered the polio vaccine. The idea of viruses causing all unknown illness became vogue. With the splurge of finances in the USA after benefitting most from the post WW2 era, many research facilities and funds were made available for virus research. A link between cancer and any other explainable sickness was attempted. Virologists became the new superstars and viruses their nemesis.
In the 1960s, a polio-like paralytic condition named SMON (Subacute Myelo-Optic Neuropathy) was a big menace. It even threatened to cancel the Tokyo Olympics. Scientists went from gut bacteria to mycoplasma to viruses as the causative agent. When they could not pin down their suspect, they started creating new entities like slow-viruses. Finally, it came to light that it was probably related to the consumption of Clioquinol, an anti-amoebal, anti-shigella medication. Hence, toxins were the cause here.
The world, through its many agencies, like the National Health Institute (NIH) and the Centre for Disease Control (CDC), took the virus approach in investigating many afflictions. The 1976 unexplained pneumonia was attributed to a common pathogen named Legionella when it was discovered during a legionnaires' conference. Kuru, a debilitating brain infection, was blamed on a slow-virus which in most cases remain undiscovered. The same story, according to the author, is present in SSPE, multiple sclerosis, hepatitis C, Epstein-Barr virus in Burkitt's lymphoma and even when Coxsackie-B virus was implicated in Type I diabetes. Also though many in the scientific community accepted these findings, the question of reproducibility often arose.
The story of retroviruses started way back when it was suggested in 1975.
Most microbiologist view at Koch's postulate as the holy grail in pinpointing a particular organism in infections. In the case of viruses, it had to be modified as culturing microorganisms was not easy.
When a mysterious collection of symptoms started among a particular segment of a population in the early 1980s - homosexuals, haemophiliacs, heroin users and Haitians, the CDC sprung into action. Pioneers in the filed on HIV include Luc Montagnier of Paris, and Robert Gallo of Cancer Institute in Bethesda are said to have discovered the offending virus. Montagnier published the identity of the virus which turned out to be identical (to the genomic sequence) of Gallo's. A court case ensued which was settled amicably out of court through Jonas Salk who had similar issues with Albert Sabin over polio vaccine. There were rumours of Gallo stealing Montagnier's work!
From the word go, some sceptics were wary of the convenient association of HIV (initially named HTLV) to the collection of symptoms called AIDS. Doubters questioned whether HIV was just a passenger particle. The diagnosis of HIV is made by testing for antibodies which shows that the immune system is intact, but the very disease weakened the immune system. Are we just testing the innocent bystander here?
The possibility of overlooking exposure to toxins was put forward. The failure to identify the virus in organs affected by AIDS was apparent. Even though Kaposi's Sarcoma was unheard before this epidemic has become the sine qua non of AIDS. Unfortunately, there also were HIV-negative patients with Kaposi's Sarcoma. The other manifestations are Pneumocystis Carinii and HIV dementia.
Homosexuals subjects in their epidemiological studies show that their abuse of intoxicants like amyl nitrite as aphrodisiacs and muscle relaxant as well as IV heroin usage. These habits were suggested for their pulmonary affliction, rather than a viral aetiology.
Haemophiliacs who started receiving purified Factor VIII had a lower transmission rate of HIV positivity. The possibility of other viruses like CMV was put forward.
People like the author and those who are labelled 'HIV deniers' (like the Holocaust deniers) are not saying that it is a fictitious disease. It is just that the world could be barking up the wrong tree. These controversies never stopped the unwavering political support for the virus hypothesis.
The spread of any viral infection usually follows a particular pattern, a bell-shaped distribution curve, as described by William Farr in 1840 (for smallpox). In the case of HIV-AIDS, this type of peak never materialised. The threat of epidemic which was predicated in the mid-80s never emerged; the numbers never reached pandemic proportions. Is it because of the preventive measures like condom usage and needle exchange programmes or the use of Zidovudine (AZT) in HIV + patients with deteriorating symptoms?
Coming to AZT, it is said to the classic case of where the treatment is more damaging the disease. AZT, a failed cancer drug, was promoted to be the mainstay of treatment. It is thought that since retroviruses cause sarcomas in chickens, there must be a basis for viruses in human cancers. This is where the role of big pharmaceutical giants like Burroughs-Wellcome come in. Many accused of the drug being fast-tracked to clinical use without proper double-blind studies and deceitful trials. The name of Anthony Fauci, who is the headlines of late, as the director of NIH who is fighting the COVID-19, appears as a facilitator. The role of the media (print and cable news networks) and its practical usage by the powers that be cannot be overstated in creating public anxiety as well as securing public approval cannot be underestimated.
The book quotes many instances where asymptomatic HIV+ individuals becoming gravely ill after commencing AZT. It helps to tip an HIV+ person into becoming a full-blown AIDs patient with its immunosuppression. Hence, is there a place for usage of AZT as prophylaxis?
HIV and AIDS have become a big business that generates income from the third world. Many corrupt governments also benefit from aids that are channelled to their countries to combat AIDS.
40 years into HIV and we are struggling to keep this condition under wraps. Perhaps the people who are entrusted to protect our affair are lured away by other personal interests. Media is a convenient tool towards this end. We should be careful that COVID-19 may follow the same path. One day it is a man-made virus, then the next day, scientists swear that it cannot be man-made but a freak of Nature. Later yet another day, like a science-fiction script, the virus mutates within a single season. It is mind-boggling. There is a push for the creation of a vaccine by the drug companies and philanthropic organisation who tend to benefit most from such an exercise.
The forward of this book was written by the inventor of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and Nobel Laurette, Kary Mullis. He believes that climate change and climate change and the HIV/AIDS connection are due to a conspiracy of environmentalists, government agencies, and scientists attempting to preserve their careers and earn money, rather than scientific evidence.
This book was brought to attention via the YouTube videos of Dr Shiva Ayyadorai, who is on a crusade to expose the malicious intents of Big Pharma.
Authors: Peter H Duesberg and Bryan J Ellison
With all the controversies surrounding Coronavirus, whether it is a man-made virus or a naturally occurring one, the debate is just proving to be so convoluted. On one side, the Americans are accusing the Chinese of sending a bio-weapon out to the world to screw up everybody's economy. On the other end, the Chinese are alleging the USA sent the genetically altered virus to China, but the virus has come back to bite them. The situation becomes murky as the rest of the world are taking the Chinese government to court as they concur that Chinese underplayed the seriousness of the disease when it hit them.Throwing a spanner in the work of discovering the origin of the virus is the suggestion that the novel Coronavirus, COVID-19, could be a retrovirus, just the most famous retrovirus of all - HIV. For recollection, a retrovirus is a type of RNA virus that inserts a copy of its genome into the DNA of a host cell that it invades, thus changing the genome of that cell.
This fact brought about the discussion about HIV-AIDS and how this disease is denied by a significant group of activists. They vehemently deny the virus named HIV as the causative agent of a collection of manifestations, or syndrome called AIDS.
The story of microbes causing ailments came about in the 1890s after Robert Koch, the German physician and bacteriologist, laid down his postulates as the groundwork to prove a particular agent in the genesis of disease. The microbes must be identified in the sick, it must be isolated and grown outside the body and induce sickness when introduced to a healthy subject.
The world was excited that they could give an explanation to many of the maladies around them. Unfortunately, in the earlier part of the 19th century, scientists without much scientific basis, lumped many sicknesses to have a microbial origin. It was thought that pellagra, scurvy and beriberi was caused by germs. This was before vitamins were identified.
The scientific community was all relieved when Jonas Salk discovered the polio vaccine. The idea of viruses causing all unknown illness became vogue. With the splurge of finances in the USA after benefitting most from the post WW2 era, many research facilities and funds were made available for virus research. A link between cancer and any other explainable sickness was attempted. Virologists became the new superstars and viruses their nemesis.
In the 1960s, a polio-like paralytic condition named SMON (Subacute Myelo-Optic Neuropathy) was a big menace. It even threatened to cancel the Tokyo Olympics. Scientists went from gut bacteria to mycoplasma to viruses as the causative agent. When they could not pin down their suspect, they started creating new entities like slow-viruses. Finally, it came to light that it was probably related to the consumption of Clioquinol, an anti-amoebal, anti-shigella medication. Hence, toxins were the cause here.
The world, through its many agencies, like the National Health Institute (NIH) and the Centre for Disease Control (CDC), took the virus approach in investigating many afflictions. The 1976 unexplained pneumonia was attributed to a common pathogen named Legionella when it was discovered during a legionnaires' conference. Kuru, a debilitating brain infection, was blamed on a slow-virus which in most cases remain undiscovered. The same story, according to the author, is present in SSPE, multiple sclerosis, hepatitis C, Epstein-Barr virus in Burkitt's lymphoma and even when Coxsackie-B virus was implicated in Type I diabetes. Also though many in the scientific community accepted these findings, the question of reproducibility often arose.
The story of retroviruses started way back when it was suggested in 1975.
Most microbiologist view at Koch's postulate as the holy grail in pinpointing a particular organism in infections. In the case of viruses, it had to be modified as culturing microorganisms was not easy.
When a mysterious collection of symptoms started among a particular segment of a population in the early 1980s - homosexuals, haemophiliacs, heroin users and Haitians, the CDC sprung into action. Pioneers in the filed on HIV include Luc Montagnier of Paris, and Robert Gallo of Cancer Institute in Bethesda are said to have discovered the offending virus. Montagnier published the identity of the virus which turned out to be identical (to the genomic sequence) of Gallo's. A court case ensued which was settled amicably out of court through Jonas Salk who had similar issues with Albert Sabin over polio vaccine. There were rumours of Gallo stealing Montagnier's work!
From the word go, some sceptics were wary of the convenient association of HIV (initially named HTLV) to the collection of symptoms called AIDS. Doubters questioned whether HIV was just a passenger particle. The diagnosis of HIV is made by testing for antibodies which shows that the immune system is intact, but the very disease weakened the immune system. Are we just testing the innocent bystander here?
The possibility of overlooking exposure to toxins was put forward. The failure to identify the virus in organs affected by AIDS was apparent. Even though Kaposi's Sarcoma was unheard before this epidemic has become the sine qua non of AIDS. Unfortunately, there also were HIV-negative patients with Kaposi's Sarcoma. The other manifestations are Pneumocystis Carinii and HIV dementia.
Haemophiliacs who started receiving purified Factor VIII had a lower transmission rate of HIV positivity. The possibility of other viruses like CMV was put forward.
People like the author and those who are labelled 'HIV deniers' (like the Holocaust deniers) are not saying that it is a fictitious disease. It is just that the world could be barking up the wrong tree. These controversies never stopped the unwavering political support for the virus hypothesis.
The spread of any viral infection usually follows a particular pattern, a bell-shaped distribution curve, as described by William Farr in 1840 (for smallpox). In the case of HIV-AIDS, this type of peak never materialised. The threat of epidemic which was predicated in the mid-80s never emerged; the numbers never reached pandemic proportions. Is it because of the preventive measures like condom usage and needle exchange programmes or the use of Zidovudine (AZT) in HIV + patients with deteriorating symptoms?
Coming to AZT, it is said to the classic case of where the treatment is more damaging the disease. AZT, a failed cancer drug, was promoted to be the mainstay of treatment. It is thought that since retroviruses cause sarcomas in chickens, there must be a basis for viruses in human cancers. This is where the role of big pharmaceutical giants like Burroughs-Wellcome come in. Many accused of the drug being fast-tracked to clinical use without proper double-blind studies and deceitful trials. The name of Anthony Fauci, who is the headlines of late, as the director of NIH who is fighting the COVID-19, appears as a facilitator. The role of the media (print and cable news networks) and its practical usage by the powers that be cannot be overstated in creating public anxiety as well as securing public approval cannot be underestimated.
The book quotes many instances where asymptomatic HIV+ individuals becoming gravely ill after commencing AZT. It helps to tip an HIV+ person into becoming a full-blown AIDs patient with its immunosuppression. Hence, is there a place for usage of AZT as prophylaxis?
HIV and AIDS have become a big business that generates income from the third world. Many corrupt governments also benefit from aids that are channelled to their countries to combat AIDS.
40 years into HIV and we are struggling to keep this condition under wraps. Perhaps the people who are entrusted to protect our affair are lured away by other personal interests. Media is a convenient tool towards this end. We should be careful that COVID-19 may follow the same path. One day it is a man-made virus, then the next day, scientists swear that it cannot be man-made but a freak of Nature. Later yet another day, like a science-fiction script, the virus mutates within a single season. It is mind-boggling. There is a push for the creation of a vaccine by the drug companies and philanthropic organisation who tend to benefit most from such an exercise.
The forward of this book was written by the inventor of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and Nobel Laurette, Kary Mullis. He believes that climate change and climate change and the HIV/AIDS connection are due to a conspiracy of environmentalists, government agencies, and scientists attempting to preserve their careers and earn money, rather than scientific evidence.
This book was brought to attention via the YouTube videos of Dr Shiva Ayyadorai, who is on a crusade to expose the malicious intents of Big Pharma.
Kary Mullis interviewed.
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